U.S. Research and Development: Overview

Increased investment in science is essential for accelerating breakthroughs, supporting workforce development in science and technology, and driving future innovation and societal benefits. The National Science Foundation collects data on Research & Development (R&D) activity, including on the performers and funding sources of basic research, applied research, and experimental development. We use these data to provide an overview of U.S. R&D expenditures over a 70-year time series, with a focus on basic research performed by universities and nonprofit research institutions. We also estimate the role of current and legacy philanthropy in supporting research and provide an indication of how federal funding might change in the future.